AIM:To investigate the relationship between duration silicone oil temponade and complication and the cause of silicone oil temponade.METHODS:Retrospective survey was done in 66 cases (70 eyes) of silicone oil temponade.RESULTS:The primary cause of silicone oil temponade was regular hole retinal detachment,the second was retinal detachment with macula hole,the third was proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The average time of silicone oil temponade was 10.5 months,the incident rate of silicone oil emulsification was 28.6%,the incident rate of ocular hypertension was 15.7%,corneal degeneration was 2.9%,severely cataract was 46%. The main complica-tion of silicone oil removal was recurrence retinal detach-ment.CONCLUSION:In the follow-up on a regular basis,we can appropriately extent the remaining time of intraocular silicone oil. When silicone oil is removed,to maintain the vitreous cavity infusion,and according to the retinal situation to choose retinal laser,intraocular gas filling or silicone oil tamponade can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.