AIM:To investigate the current situation of the preschool children’s visual acuity and refraction,to provide information for the prevention and treatment of the ametropia.·METHODS:A sample of 2776 children(5552 eyes,3 to 6 years old) were selected randomly.4-6 years old children were examined by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart.3 years old children were examined by symbols chart.Refrangibility was detected using Suresight hand-held refractometer.·RESULTS:The ratio of subnormal visual acuity was 12.64%.The subnormal rate increased gradually as the age increasing and the rate of the five years old group was the highest.In cases with normal visual acuity,most of hypermetropia and astigmatism were mild.Moderate hypermetropia and middle astigmatism (>1.50D) were 1.79% and 3.61% respectively.In cases with subnormal visual acuity,myopia(3.18%),moderate hypermetropia(4.49%),middle astigmatism(22.47%) and mixed astigmatism(11.05%) were increased.·CONCLUSION:Visual acuity and refraction are very important in children’s eye care.It is necessary to check the preschool children’s visual acuity and refraction,so as to find latent problems,and to prospect the developmental trend and offer evidences for early intervention.