·AIM:To investigate the risk factors of corneal graft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty.·METHODS:The rejection cases of penetrating kerato-plasty in our hospital from 2001-01 to 2008-01 were retros-pectively analyzed,the ratio of various factors in the graft rejection patients and the incidence of graft rejection in all kinds of cases were analyzed.·RESULTS:The total rejection rate was 31.0%,25.5% in normal group,59.4% in high-risk group(P<0.05),48.1% in chemical eye burn group(P<0.05).Rejection of high-risk group was early and serious.·CONCLUSION:Of the factors of corneal graft rejection,the rejection rate is different in different original diseases,the graft rejectim has a close relationship with the preoperative symptoms,planting beds,surgical operation design and the prevention after surgery.Planting beds neovascularization is a high risk factor of graft rejection.·