AIM: To investigate the effect of transplantation of autologous corneal limbal stem cell for pterygium under microscope． METHODS: Fiftythree eyes 46 cases with pterygium were treated by transplantation of autologous corneal limbal stem cell．The simple resection of pterygium of 39 cases 46 eyes as the control group were analyzed． RESULTS: After followup of 6 to 12 months，no recurrence and no subepithelial fibrovascular proliferation were found and all achieved a radical cure．Compared with the control group,there were significant differences in therapy effects (P<0.01)． CONCLUSION: The excision of pterygium combined with autologous corneal limbal stem cell transplantation seems to be an effective treatment for pterygium with low recurrence rate and better vision.