AIM:To investigate the outcome of primary 23-gauge(23G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). ·METHODS:In this prospective case series,20 eyes of 20 consecutive patients with RRD underwent primary 23G PP with intraocular gas tamponade and sclerotomy suturing. Postoperative mean follow-up was 6 months. Main outcome measures included post-operative anatomical status,visual acuity,intraocular pressure,and operative complications. ·RESULTS:The primary anatomical success rate was 100%. The mean postoperative visual acuity at postopera-tive month 3 improved from 0.02-0.5(logMAR was 1.187±0.616) to 0.3-0.8 (logMAR was 0.276±0.114) (t=5.756,P<0.001) and from 0.8-1.0 (logMAR was 0.218±0.276) to 0.6-1.0 (logMAR was 0.312±0.285) (t=-1.0,P=0.374) in macular-off and macular-on cases,respectively. No patients had hypotony or developed choroidal detach-ments,endophthalmitis,and PVR. Postoperative cataract progression occurred in 4 eyes(20%). Early ocular hyper-tension in 5 eyes was controlled with 1-2 kinds of anti-glaucoma drops. ·CONCLUSION:23G PPV is an effective surgical technique in the management of RRD. Complications are rare with sclerotomy suturing.