AIM:To evaluate the clinical effect of non - penetrating trabecular surgery(NPTS) with human umbilical vein (HUV) implant and mitomycin C(MMC) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG). METHODS:NPTS with HUV implant and MMC was performed on 42 eyes of 42 patients with POAG.The outcome’s evaluation included postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP),number of anti-glaucoma medications,the morphologic characteristics of the filtering blebs and complications.All patients were followed up for 12 months. RESULTS:The postoperative complete success rate was 81%and qualified success rate was 95%at 12 months after surgery respectively;IOP was decreased from(26.1±7.7) mmHg to(15.3±3.8) mmHg at 12 months(P = 0.00);the number of anti-glaucoma medications was decreased from(3.2±0.5) to(0.3±0.2) at 12 months(P = 0.00);the morphologic characteristics of the filtering blebs:typeⅠwas 26%,typeⅡwas 59%,typeⅣwas 14%. Encapsulated bleb was observed in 6 eyes and there was a small amount of hyphema that was absorbed in 3 eyes, but the complications such as flat chamber,hypotony and choroidal effusion were not observed. CONCLUSIONS:NPTS with HUV implant and MMC might improve the clinical outcome of the patients with POAG,such as higher success rates,lower postoperative mean IOP,and less complication rates.