AIM:To report a case of branch retinal artery obstruction(BRAO) complicated after anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(AION).METHODS:A 42-year-old woman who complained of visual disturbance was performed ophthalmological examinations such as fundus photography,fluorescent angiography(FAG) and visual field test.RESULTS:At first visit,disc swelling was noted and arterial circulation was intact,however,1 week after onset,the inferior branch retinal artery began to shrink and the flame hemorrhage intensified.Sixteen months later,the optic disc evidenced an atrophic change;additionally,a ghost vessel in the inferior branch retinal artery was found.CONCLUSION:We report a case of complications of BRAO arising after AION which caused the mechanical compression on the arterial circulation.