AIM:To explore good method for preventing and curing amblyopia by epidemiological analysis of amblyopia for preschool children in Suizhou urban area.METHODS:First,the preschool children were trained before the vision test by the nursery school teacher.Second,their vision were tested by the ophthalmologist in our hospital again and again.The naked vision less than 0.8 and strabismus were classified as further mydriasis optometry examination object.Then full-time pediatric ophthalmologists performed pupil dilation,refractive stromal and fundus examination to exclude the ocular organic disease.Retinoscopy optometry and corrected visual acuity were checked.Then the relation of amblyopia with low vision,gender,age,various types of amblyopia and the distribution ratio of different fixation properties were observed.RESULTS:Male and female had no significant difference in the preschool children with low vision and the prevalence of amblyopia,.In the 3- 6 years age group,the rate of low vision had a very significant difference.In ametropic amblyopia,the largest proportion was mild amblyopia,followed by moderate amblyopia,only 1 case of severe amblyopia.In anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia,the largest proportion was moderate amblyopia.In form deprivation and other amblyopia,severe amblyopia occupied the largest proportion.The higher the hyperopic ametropia degree,the larger the proportion of moderate amblyopia.Strabismic amblyopia was always associated with hyperopia.Concomitant strabismus and refractive errors were closely related.It was generally believed that there was a relationship between concomitant strabismus and hyperopia,and little relationship between exotropia and myopia.CONCLUSION:For preschool children in kindergarten,vision screening,early detection of amblyopia and early treatment is necessary.In children with amblyopia,it is mainly ametropic,mild to moderate and central fixation amblyopia,timely treatment is very helpful to recovery of children.Combination therapy was commonly used in treatment of amblyopia.The knowledge of amblyopia and its harmfulness publicity should be increased,parents and social awareness and attention on amblyopia should be improved.