AIM:To observe the effectiveness and safety of the treatment on vitreous hemorrhage by combining the injection of urokinase (UK) in vitreous cavity with triamcinolone acetonide (TA).METHODS:Totally 52 cases (52 eyes) who were finally diagnosed as vitreous hemorrhage during April,2009 to February,2011 in the ophthalmology department of our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.The patients with an average age of 54.2,who aged from 29 to 65,were given the treatment of injection of UK (10000U/0.1 mL) in vitreous cavity along with TA (4mg/0.1mL).The results showed that their vision,intraocular pressure(IOP) and ocular fundus have changed.All the patients involved were followed-up for more than 3 months,and 14 of them were followed-up for over 16 months.RESULTS:Before the treatment,the eyesight of every patient involved was hand movement to 0.02.After the treatment,the eyesight of the most effective case,who suffered from vitreous hemorrhage caused by retinal vein occlusion,was improved to 1.0.Of all the cases involved,37 (71%) were cured,26 (93%) of the 28 cases with the problem of blooding caused by retinal vein occlusion were cured,9 (45%) of the 20 cases with the problem of blooding caused by diabetic retinopathy were cured,and 2 (50%) of the 4 cases with the problem of blooding caused by retinal periphlebitis were cured.And other 15 cases were found having no difference in the eyesight after the treatment.Of the 37 effective cases,1 year later,2 cases got vitreous hemorrhage caused by retinal vein occlusion who recovered after the operation of vitrectomy,and 1 of the 37 cases,who was the patient of diabetic retinopathy,suffered from shallow retinal detachment,and he was given the retinal reattachment after the operation of vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade,but his eyesight was not well recovered.None of the 52 cases suffered from the increase in IOP or endophthalmitis,etc.CONCLUSION:The treatment to vitreous hemorrhage by combining the injection of UK in vitreous cavity with TA is very effective,especially for the cure of vitreous hemorrhage caused by retinal vein occlusion,which is worth promoting.