AIM:To study the clinical effect of penetrating keratoplasty.METHODS:A total of 43 cases(43 eyes) with penetrating keratoplasty were retrospectively studied.RESULTS:Due to immunologic rejection,secondary glaucoma and complicated cataract,corneal graft transparence could be seen in 34 cases(79%),the visual acuity(VA) that was equal or larger than 0.05 could be seen in 37 cases(86%),the VA that was equal or larger than 0.3 could be seen in 16 cases(37%).The main complication of penetrating keratoplasty was immunologic graft rejection that could be seen in 3 cases(7%),secondary glaucoma in 1 case(2%).CONCLUSION:Penetrating keratoplasty is a very effectual method in recovering the patient’s VA partially.And immunologic graft rejection is an important factor in affecting the prognosis of the surgery.