AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy ofvitrectomy on different causes of vitreous hemorrhage, and the effect of correlative factor on vitrectomy. METHODS: Clinical data of different types offundus disease in 76 cases 76 eyes with vitrectomy were analyzed retrospectively. The multiple factors related with clinical efficacy of vitrectomy including the causes, age and the time were analyzed. RESULTS: In cause groups, diabetic retinopathy(proliferative) was in 31 cases (41%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 24 cases (32%), branch retinal vein occlusion 10 cases (13%), central retinal vein occlusion 3 cases (4%), retinal vasculitis 2 cases (3%), blunt trauma 2 cases (3%), simple vitreous hemorrhage 2 cases (3%), proliferative vitreoretinopathy 1 case (1%), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy 1 case (1%). In age groups, there was statistical difference between each group(χ²=21.89, P<0.01); in youth group(<45), there were 26 cases, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was in 11 cases (42%); in middle-aged group (45-59), there were 19 cases, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was in 9 cases (47%); in old group(>60), there were 31 cases, diabetic retinopathy was in 24 cases(77%). In time groups, there was statistical difference between each group(χ²=20.37, P<0.01); in one month group, there were 26 cases, the postoperative vision of 13 cases (50%) increased over 03; in two month group, there were 24 cases, the postoperative vision of 10 cases (42%) increased over 0.1 but below 0.3, in three month group, there were 11 cases, the postoperative vision of 5 cases (45%) increased over 0.01 but below 0.09; in over three month group, there were 15 cases, the postoperative vision of 6 cases(40%) increased over 0.01 but below 0.09 and 6 cases (40%) increased over 0.1 but below 0.3. CONCLUSION: The diabetic retinopathy(ptoliferative), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and branch retinal vein occlusion are the main causes of the vitreous hemorrhage. Vitrectomy used to treat different causes of vitreous hemorrhage is obviously effective (especially caused by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment), which can improve visual function. The vitrectomy has better clinical efficacy on vitreous hemorrhage in one to two months.