AIM: To discuss the effect and necessity of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) for the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage complicated retinal hole or detachment. METHODS: Totally 28 cases(28 eyes) with vitreous hemorrhage complicated retinal hole or detachment were treated by PPV. The change of visual acuity was observed pre- and postoperatively and the relationship between vitreous hemorrhage and detachment was analyzed. RESULTS: In 28 cases with vitreous hemorrhage caused by various reasons, 7 cases occurred no retinal detachment from preoperative B ultrasound, 3 cases found retinal hole in intraoperation, 4 cases accompanied peri-hole shallow detachment. Postoperative visual acuity of 28 cases (including postoperative follow-up best-corrected visual acuity) improved in various degree, better than counting finger or before eye in 27 cases(96%),≥0.05 in 20 cases(71%),≥0.3 in 5 cases(18%).There was statistical significant difference between pre- and postoperation(P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: It is safe and effective for vitreous hemorrhage complicated retinal hole or detachment treated by PPV, and can find retinal hole and shallow detachment as soon as possible so as to avoid further enlargement of retinal detachment.