AIM：To investigate the expression and relationship of Survivin and Fas in primary pterygium. METHODS:SP immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Survivin protein and Fas protein in primary pterygium of 40 cases and nomal conjunctiva of 20 cases. All data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5.RESULTS:The positive expression of Survivin in pterygium (37.5％) was higher than that in normal conjunctiva tissues(10.0％, P＜0.05). The positive expression of Fas in primary pterygium was significantly higher (75.0％)than that in normal conjunctiva tissues (15.0％, P＜0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression rate of Survivin and Fas in primary pterygium(P＜0.01) and there was consistency between the expression strength of Survivin and Fas in primary pterygium（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSION：It indicated that Survivin may play an important role in the pathway of development of primary pterygium. There was a close correlation between the expression of Survivin and Fas in primary pterygium. It also indicated that Survivin and Fas may commonly participate in the occurrence and development of primary pterygium. 