AIM:To investigate the prevalence and correlative factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in residents with diabetes mellitus(DM) in Mianyang. METHODS: Totally 749 cases with confirmed DM were enrolled. The data of disease history was collected by inquiry and examination. Examination of ocular fundus and/or fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) were used to confirm the diagnosis of DR. Fasting sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin and serum level of adiponcetin were examined. RESULTS: Totally 151（20.2%）residents were identified with DR. The incidence of single and proliferative DR was 71.5%(108 cases) and 28.5%(43 cases), respectively. Fasting sugar was 7.86±0.93mmol/L, 8.24±2.17mmol/L, 8.35±3.89mmol/L in DM, single DR and proliferative DR residents, there were no statistical difference（P＞0.05）. Glycosylated hemoglobin and serum level of adiponectin were 6.24%±1.34%, 7.12%±1.51%, 7.94%±1.75% and 848±289mg/L,6.74±2.11mg/L,4.57±1.82mg/L respectively in residents with DM, single DR and proliferative DR, there were statistical difference of glycosylated hemoglobin and serum adiponectin level among three groups. CONCLUSION: The incidence of DR is high in residents with DM. High glycosylated hemoglobin and serum level of adiponcetin of DM patients should be closely monitored in order to control DR.