Nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)is a nuclear transcription factor with multi-directional and multi-effect regulation, existing in almost all cells. It participates in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, apoptosis, inflammation and immune response, and plays an important role in body growth and development, inflammation, immune response, tumor growth and other aspects. In recent years, studies have indicated that NF-κB occupies an important place in the pathogenesis of eye related diseases, especially in ocular surface disease, cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, ocular fundus diseases and so on. There is a possibility that inhibition of NF-κB activation may become a novel target for the treatment of eye diseases. This paper will review the research reports of NF-κB in the field of ophthalmology.