Up to now, a variety of microRNAs have been found in a number of studies, that specifically expressed in retinal neuroepithelial, lens, cornea and retinal pigment epithelium, in which miR-126 plays a certain role in the proliferation of tumor cells, the development of thymus lymphocytes and cardiovascular diseases. Some researches show that miR-126 has certain correlations with the formation of corneal neovascularization, the development of diabetic retinopathy, and the immune system related eye disease. In this paper, the current miR-126 in the role of eye disease mechanism and research progress were reviewed.