In recent years,with the widespread application of highly effective antiretroviral therapy(HAART), the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)related eye complications was significantly reduced. The absolute number of patients infected with HIV and AIDS increased year by year, and the survival rate increased and the survival time prolonged. The clinical manifestations of associated ocular complications in these patients are variable, affecting almost all ocular structures. At present, there is a lack of large-scale and long-term systematic observation of eye lesions in HIV-infected and AIDS patients in China. Misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis occur in many hospitals and even in some of the top-three hospitals. This not only delays the treatment of patients, but also easily cause iatrogenic transmission. Therefore, ophthalmologists and even other medical workers should enhance their knowledge of HIV/AIDS. This paper reviews the common complications of non-infection, opportunistic infection, and immune reconstitution inflammatory response syndrome(IRIS)in the HIV/AIDS patients, and discusses the manifestations and research progress of posterior ocular complications of HIV/AIDS.