AIM: To discuss the correlation between fixation nature and macular thickness, in addition, to investigate the variations of macular thickness and other related factors in hyperopic ametropic amblyopic children ranged from 4 to 8 years old by measuring each area's macular thickness, fixation nature and length of optic axis.

METHODS: Prospective, non-randomized, contemporaneous controlled study trials. Totally 44 children with 57 eyes who admitted to the hospital for the first time without any amblyopia training before from September 2018 to December were included in this study.36 eyes from hyperopic ametropic amblyopic children were enrolled in hyperopia group and 21 eyes from children with normal vision were enrolled in healthy controls. The optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to measure the macular retinal thickness in both. Meanwhile, the OCT was also used to measure the macular retinal thickness in 29 central fixation patients(32 eyes)and 15 eccentric fixation(25 eyes)which examined by direct ophthalmoscope, and the data were analyzed by SPSS19.0 statistical software.

RESULTS: The length of optic axis in hyperopic amblyopic eyes is shorter than it in normal eyes(P<0.05). The retinal thickness of central sector and nasal quadrant in inner ring of central fixation group was thinner than it of eccentric fixation which represents the statistical significance. However, there is no significance of two groups' retinal thickness differences between other sectors of the macular(P<0.05). Besides, hyperopia amblyopia group's retinal thickness of central sector or region and nasal, inferior quadrant in inner ring and superior quadrant in outer ring was thicker than it of normal control groups which reveals the statistical meaning(P<0.05). Otherwise, the data of two groups' retinal thickness in other sectors of the macular shows no significance(P>0.05)

CONCLUSION: The retinal thickness of central sector and nasal quadrant in inner ring of central fixation children was increase. Hyperopia amblyopia children's retinal thickness of central sector or region and nasal、inferior quadrant in inner ring and superior quadrant in outer ring was increase. The length of optic axis in hyperopic amblyopic children is decrease.