Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is a key factor of the angiogenesis during embryonic period, and it is also an important mediator of the pathological neovascularization and vascular permeability in various ophthalmic diseases. With the increasing use of anti-VEGF therapy in adults, more and more clinical studies are focused on the application of anti VEGF therapy in pediatric retinal and choroidal diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity, Coats disease, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, incontinence pigmented related retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy, retinoblastoma and choroidal neovascularization caused by various causes. In this article, the application of anti VEGF therapy in these pediatric retinal and choroidal diseases was reviewed.