Retinal degenerative diseases, a type of blinding eye diseases in which retinal neuron apoptosis is the main pathological process. Neuronal cells cannot be regenerated after damage, Müller cells are important glial cells of the retina and involved in retinal development, damage, and regeneration process. In recent years, studies have proved that Müller cells are an endogenous alternative source for stimulating damaged retinal neurons and an excellent target for retinal nerve regeneration. This article reviews the related factors of Müller cells and retinal nerve regeneration, and provides a new direction for nerve regeneration research.