Retinal artery occlusion(RAO)is an ophthalmic emergency, including central retinal artery occlusion(CRVO), branch retinal artery occlusion(BRVO), ciliary retinal artery occlusion and retinal capillary microartery occlusion. The progression is fast and the prognosis is poor, with many risks involved, and there is still lack of standard treatment procedures. At present, the modern treatment procedures include traditional treatments, e.g. lowering intraocular pressure, high flow oxygen inhalation, blood vessels dilatation, antiplatelet aggregation, and other active treatments like thrombolysis, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and arterial intervention. This review summarizes recent advancement about risk factors and treatment in RAO.