AIM: To analyze the risk factors of corneal edema after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in patients with cataract. METHODS: The clinical data of 623 patients with cataract(957 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in our hospital between March 2018 and September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with corneal edema observed at any time within the first three days after surgery were included in corneal edema group(82 cases, 82 eyes), and patients without corneal edema were enrolled as non-corneal edema group(541 cases, 875 eyes). The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative related indexes of the two groups were collected and included in Logistic regression model to screen the high-risk factors. RESULTS: Logistics regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.162), Emery lens nuclear hardness grading(OR=1.301)and perfusion time(OR=1.172)were independent risk factors for corneal edema after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, and the anterior chamber depth(OR=0.651)were independent protective factors avoiding occurrence(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The factors involved in corneal edema after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation are complicated in patients with cataract. It is necessary to be vigilant for high-risk patients in clinical practice and take preventive measures during perioperative period so as to promote rapid recovery of prognosis and visual function.