[关键词]
[摘要]
近视是目前世界范围内严重威胁患者视力的眼部疾病之一，且它的发生发展是一个复杂的机制。研究发现，视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium， RPE)细胞在近视的病程进展中起到了关键作用。RPE细胞主要通过雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin， mTOR)信号通路调控细胞内生长因子、基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase-2， MMP-2)的表达来调控细胞功能。同时，RPE细胞也可受到多巴胺受体激动剂的调控，从而使细胞功能发生变化，当多巴胺受体激动减弱后会导致RPE细胞功能发生障碍，从而促进了近视的发展。研究表明RPE细胞内乙酰胆碱以及全反视黄酸的表达量可以调控RPE细胞分泌生长因子，生长因子作用于巩膜成纤维细胞，从而调控了近视的病程。同时，也有研究结果显示，RPE细胞可以协调γ-氨基丁酸对于巩膜细胞的调控作用，间接调控近视的病程。除此之外，通过既往研究发现RPE细胞内微小RNA(microRNA)的表达情况如microRNA-328、microRNA-29a均可通过调控RPE细胞内MMP-2的表达调控来影响细胞外基质的含量及成分，从而导致近视的发生发展。因此，RPE细胞内多种信号通路以及miRNA的表达变化均与近视的发生发展密切相关。本文就近视发生发展过程中RPE细胞内分子作用机制的研究进展进行综述，以期为近视发生发展过程中的具体分子机制提供一定的理论依据。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Myopia is currently one of the eye diseases that seriously threaten patients' vision worldwide, and its occurrence and development is a complex mechanism. It has been found that retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells play a key role in the progression of myopia. RPE cells mainly regulate cell function by regulating the expression of intracellular growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)through the signal pathway of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR). At the same time, RPE cells can also be regulated by dopamine receptor agonists, so that cell function changes. When dopamine receptor activation weakened, RPE cell function will be impaired, thus promoting the development of myopia. Studies have shown that the expression of acetylcholine and all-trans retinoic acid in RPE cells can regulate the secretion of growth factors by RPE cells, and the growth factors act on scleral fibroblasts, thus indirectly regulating the course of myopia. Additionally, some studies have shown that RPE cells can coordinate the regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid on scleral cells and indirectly regulate the course of myopia. Besides, the expression of microRNA(microRNA)in RPE cells, such as microRNA-328 and microRNA-29a, was found through previous studies that they can affect the content and composition of extracellular matrix by regulating the expression of MMP-2 in RPE cells, thus leading to the occurrence and development of myopia. Therefore, the expression of multiple signaling pathways and miRNA in RPE cells are closely related to the occurrence and development of myopia. This article reviews the research progress of the molecular mechanism of RPE in the development of myopia, with a view to provide some theoretical basis for the specific molecular mechanism in the development of myopia.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
甘肃省中医药科研基金项目(No.GZKP-2020-13)
