As a key ocular structure, ciliary muscle has a major role in accommodating both eye and aqueous humor drainage. Recent studies have found that the position and shape of ciliary muscles in myopia are significantly different from those in emmetropia or hyperopia, and the differences of ciliary muscle may affect the progress of myopia by altering ocular accommodation, choroidal tension and intraocular pressure. The present evidence indicating that the thickening of posterior ciliary muscle was associated with the development of myopia, but the mechanism has not been clearly confirmed. This paper summarizes the relationship between the differences of ciliary muscle and myopia, and the possible mechanism of myopia changes affected by ciliary muscle, so as to provide reference for follow-up research.