Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. More and more studies have suggested that glaucoma is a complicated retinal neurovascular disease. The homeostasis imbalance of retinal neurovascular unit (RNVU) composed of neurons, glial cells and microvascular cells not only induces changes in microvascular structure and glial cells, but also affects the nerve tissue of the retina, resulting in vision loss. We review the recent research on structural changes and dysfunction of RNVU in glaucoma, hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of glaucoma.