神经营养性角膜炎(NK)是由三叉神经支配受损引起的退行性角膜疾病，可导致自发性角膜上皮破裂、角膜溃疡甚至穿孔。诸多破坏三叉神经支配的疾病均可导致NK。NK的早期诊断十分重要，需要准确收集和审查患者病史并进行完善的眼表检查，从而确定临床分期。NK的治疗需基于疾病严重程度进行分期治疗，除了人工泪液、睑裂缝合术、羊膜移植术等传统的内外科疗法，目前还有如靶向药物治疗和角膜神经化手术等新兴疗法。本文总结了NK的流行病学、临床表现及分类、病因、诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗，旨在为未来早期诊断和分期治疗NK提供参考。

Neurotrophic keratitis(NK)is a degenerative corneal disease caused by impairment of trigeminal innervations. It can lead to spontaneous corneal epithelial defects, corneal ulceration and perforation. Early diagnosis of NK is crucial and requires accurate investigation of clinical history and thorough examination of ocular surface to determine clinical stage. Treatment for NK needs to be divided into stages according to disease severity. In addition to conventional treatments including artificial tears, blepharorrhaphy, and amniotic membrane transplantation, there are also emerging treatments such as targeted drug therapy and corneal neurotization. This article summarized the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and classification, etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of NK, aiming to provide reference for the early diagnosis and treatment of NK in the future.

南京市医学科技发展项目(No.ZKX13047)