Myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and has become a major global public health concern with the rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. Due to the trend of myopia towards younger age groups, accurate prediction of the occurrence and progression of myopia could help to provide targeted interventions for high-risk population and myopia patients in children and adolescents, in order to delay myopia onset or slow myopia progression. In recent years, various myopia prediction models have been built based on evidence-based medicine such as baseline ocular biometric data, refractive status, environment factors, genetic factors, and lifestyle have been established. The interaction of genetic and environmental effects on etiology of myopia have been established, with the continuous innovation of genetic research methods, specific genes with higher predictive power in the future will also be applied in the prediction, prevention and control of myopia. This article summarize the content, performance and research progress of myopia prediction models, which could serve as a useful reference and guidance for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.