孔源性视网膜脱离（Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment, RRD）是一种严重威胁视力的眼科急症。玻璃体切除术（Pars Plana Vitrectomy, PPV）是治疗RRD的首选方式，但术后黄斑前膜（epiretinal membrance,ERM)作为其常见的并发症之一，可导致视物变形、视力下降等症状。近年来，内界膜剥除术（Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling, ILMP）作为一种辅助手段被引入RRD治疗，旨在帮助视网膜复位、减少术后并发症及提高患者术后视觉质量和生活质量。因此本文就ILM剥除术在RRD中的作用机制、临床应用、存在的问题及研究进展等方面进行综述。

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a serious vision-threatening ophthalmic emergency. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is the preferred treatment for RRD, but postoperative epiretinal membrane (ERM), one of its common complications, can lead to symptoms including visual distortion and reduce visual acuity. In recent years, internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) has been introduced as an adjunctive measure in RRD treatment, aiming to facilitate retinal reattachment, reduce postoperative complications and improve patients' postoperative visual quality and quality of life. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanisms, clinical applications, existing challenges, and research progress of ILMP in RRD treatment.