·The study of recent years showed that estrogen is an important signaling molecule in the nervous system.It plays an important role in the process of promoting nerve growth and development,plasticity,neurotransmitter synthesis and even the survival of neurons,myelin and axon regeneration.It causes for concern particularly that how estrogen plays in the stroke,senile dementia,Parkinson’s disease and other degenerative diseases of central nervous system and spinal cord,sciatic nerve injury,acute cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral ischemia,neural trauma,etc.However,it is rarely reported about the role of estrogen in neural stem cells transplantation and optic nerve disease.This article made a brief summary on the effect of estrogen on the protective effects of nerve.·