·AIM:To investigate the relationship between the higher order aberrations and the diopter as well as contrast sensitivity in children with hyperopic amblyopia.·METHODS:Sixty-six cases of children with hyperopic amblyopia were dilated the pupils with atropine for seven days and a retinoscopy was executed for everyone.The wavefront analyzer was also used in the study;When the pupils regained the normal diameter 20 days later,the contrast sensitivity was measured by the CSV-1000 in a dark room.·RESULTS:The mean refractive states of the children were +2.60±1.76D(hyperopic diopter)and +1.15±0.98D(astigmatic diopter)with an axis of 82.83±27.93 by barred retinoscopy.While recorded by the wavefront aberrations they were +2.76±1.69D and +1.35±1.02D respectively with an axis of 85.37±30.72D.With the increase of the hyperopic diopter,the aberrations at all levels increased.The differences of RMS1,RMS5 and RMSh in the middle and low amblyopic group was as significant as the differences of RMS2,RMSg and C12 in the middle and low hyperopic group(P<0.01).The contrast sensitivity of the children decreased at all frequencies,especially at high frequency.The C8 and C12 at higher order aberrations had significant correlation with the contrast sensitivity at higher frequency.·CONCLUSION:The wavefront aberrations and contrast sensitivity can correctly evaluate refractive degree and visual quality in children with hyperopia and could be used as an objective measure.At the same time,they are useful in investigating the cause of amblyopia and effect of the therapy.·