·AIM:To analyse and discuss the effect of cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation with small incision under topical anesthesia in poverty alleviation and cataract operations.·METHODS:A total of 183 cases 205 eyes with cataract were operated with cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation with small incision under topical anesthesia.Their pain during the surgery,complications and their vision after the operation were observed.·RESULTS:The patients didn’t feel painful during the operation and cooperated well.There were 189 eyes 92.2% with good eyeball fixations 16 eyes(7.8%)with occasionally little pain or foreign body sensation of bearable level to cooperate the operation favorably,or need topical anesthetic to finish the operation;The mean operation time was 22±7 minutes;and the incidence rates of complications during and after the operation were both low.On 1 day after operation,the naked vision was≤0.1 in 13 eyes(6.3%);0.12-0.3 in 47 eyes(22.9%);0.4-0.8 in 126 eyes(61.5%);≥0.8 in 19 eyes(9.3%).Rechecked in 1 week after the operation,the vision was≤0.1 in 4 eyes(2.0%);0.12-0.3 in 23 eyes(11.2%);0.4-0.8 in 145 eyes(70.7%);≥0.8 in 33 eyes(16.1%).·CONCLUSION:The cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation with small incision under superficial anesthesia can avoid homologous complications,reduce the operation time obviously and ensure better quality of operation.It’s suitable for large-scale cataract operation actions and primary hospital to carry out the prevention and treatment of blindness in people with cataract.·