AIM:To evaluate the effect of operation on an eye of a 54-year-old female who developed a posterior capsular hole during pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy. ·METHODS:We performed phacoemulsification using the "inside-out hydrodelineation" technique. ·RESULTS:The procedure was successful; a posterior chamber intraocular lens(PC-IOL) was also implanted. ·CONCLUSION:Accurate diagnosis by meticulous examination after maximal mydriasis,and a detailed discussion with the patient are required to successfully care for a patient with a preexisting posterior capsule defect.