AIM:To explore the outcome of mitomycin C combined with autologous limbal stem cell transplantation for treatment of recurrent pterygium. ·METHODS:Totally 69 cases 87 eyes with recurrent pterygium were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group:35 cases 45 eyes after pterygium exci-sion were treated with mitomycin C combined with autologous limbal stem cell transplantation. The control group:34 cases 42 eyes after pterygium excision were treated with autologous limbal stem cell transplantation. ·RESULTS:During a follow-up of 3 to 12 months,in the treatment group 44 eyes were cured and the cure rate was 98%; with 1 eye of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 2%; in the control group,36 eyes were cured and the cure rate was 86%; with 6 eyes of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 14%. Recurrence rate of the two groups was statisti-cally significant (χ2 = 4.273,P=0.039). ·CONCLUSION:Mitomycin C combined with autologous limbal stem cell transplantation significantly increases the cure rate and reduces the recurrent rate,worthy of promotion in clinical therapy.