·AIM:To observe the changes of axial length and corneal diameter after cataract extraction in infants with congenital cataract.·METHODS:A total of 49 patients(89 eyes including 9 unilateral eyes)with congenital cataract,who had undergone cataract extraction,anterior and posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy within 3 months after birth,were included.Patients were divided into five groups based on their ages at follow-up:6 months group,12 months group,18 months group,24 months group and 30 months group.The axial length and corneal diameter in each follow-up were measured.The changes of axial length and corneal diameter were analyzed and compared with those of normal age-and sex-matched infants.·RESULTS:The mean axial length from 6 months group to 30 months group was 20.48±0.13,20.82±0.23,21.69±0.17,22.09±0.25 and 22.50±0.34mm respectively.There was statistically significant difference compared with those of normal age-matched infants(P<0.05).The mean corneal diameter was 10.06±0.31,10.32±0.33,10.40±0.38,10.45±0.39 and 10.94±0.40mm,respectively in the five groups.There was no statistically significant difference compared with those of normal age-and sex-matched infants(P>0.05).·CONCLUSION:Cataract extraction,anterior and posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy for infants with congenital cataract in their early childhood are safe and effective.There are significant changes in axial length,but little change in corneal diameter compared with those of normal infants.·