AIM:To estimate the prevalence of pterygium in Gongshan County of Yunnan Province and to estimate the distribution characteristic and explore risk factors of pterygium by collecting related information. METHODS:Cluster sampling was used in randomly selected individuals at 26 villages in Gongshan County,individuals on roster were 3070.The available data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression model. RESULTS:There were 108 cases with pterygium and the prevalence was 4.4%.There were 40 male cases and 68 female cases and the difference between male and female was insignificant. The prevalence of pterygium was increasing with aging. CONCLUSION:Pterygium is a kind of common ocular surface diseases in Gongshan County of Yunnan Province.Age, occupation and ultraviolet rays exposure time are main risk factors for Pterygium.