AIM:To detect the thickness and structural profiles of the retina and choroid in guinea pig eyes by optical coherence tomography (OCT),and discuss the correlation of thickness of the retina and choroids in guinea pig and histology examination.METHODS:Five guinea pigs (3 weeks old) underwent refractive evaluation in both eyes followed by routine OCT for posterior pole of the fundus.Then these 5 guinea pigs were euthanized and underwent histology examination.RESULTS:There was a highly positive correlation in retinal thickness between OCT and histology (r=0.77,P<0.01).The retina thickness by OCT was 15-20μm thicker than that by histology.But there was no significant correlation in choroid thickness between OCT and histology (r=0.19,P=0.203).CONCLUSION:Thickness of the retina and choroid in guinea pigs both can be detected by routine OCT.