Gender difference is a common phenomenon in epidemiology research, which is also seen in ophthalmology diseases. This is mainly caused by different gene expressions as well as sex hormone regulation in both sexes. In recent years, more and more sex hormone receptors are found in ocular tissues including ocular surface and cornea, which indicates an important role for sex hormones in maintaining the normal ocular surface function. This review contains some recent reports on the relationship between sex hormone and ocular tissues as well as our perspectives on its further study.