AIM:To study the clinical curative effect of improved pouch-shaped conjunctival flaps in treatment of refractory corneal ulceration. METHODS:Totally 36 cases (36 eyes) with refractory corneal ulceration that was not cured with routine medical therapy were performed with removal of the necrotic corneal tissue combined with improved pouch-shaped conjunctival flaps covering surgery. Original diseases were further taken medical treatment postoperatively. Follow-up lasted 3-6 months. RESULTS:Corneal ulcer of 35 eyes were healed.Only 1 eye with corneal ulceration perforation lost solution in the middle which was not close to the cornea after conjunctival flap, which was operated again and combined with amniotic membrane transplantation and eventually corneal ulcer healed. All of the 36 eyes were healed. CONCLUSION: Improved pouch-shaped conjunctival flaps surgery is a distinct efficative method in the treatment of refractory corneal ulcer which can not be cured with routine medical therapy.It can effectively inhibit the inflammatory reaction and better protect the eyeball.