AIM: To study the relationship of retinal thickness at macular area and related biochemical indicators in early diabetic patients. METHODS:Diabetes group had 40 cases (40 eyes), male and female 20 cases of each).The control group had 40 cases (40 eyes, male and female 20 cases of each), optical coherence tomography (OCT) was applied to measuring the retinal thickness at macular area. Related biochemical analyzer was used to test microalbuminuria (mAIb), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),c-peptide (C-PR),total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low density lipoprotein (LDL),and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values in the diabetes group. Two groups of retinal thickness at macular area were compared and the relationship of macular area thickness and related biochemical indicators in the diabetes group was analysed. RESULTS: Macular area in the selected diabetes group patients was thicker than that in normal group, which was positively correlated with mAIb, TC, TG, and LDL(P＜0.05) , negatively with HDL(P＜0.05) and uncorrelated with HbA1c and C-PR(P＞0.05). CONCLUSION:For patients with early diabetes, detecting the macular area thickness and mAIb, TC, TG, LDL, HDL changes is conductive to the early prediction of complications of diabetes.