AIM: To investigate the effects of ginkgo biloba extract(GBE) with different concentration on the proliferation of human pterygium fibroblasts cells(HPFs)． METHODS: The HPFs were incubated with GBE at concentration of 12.5mg/L, 25.0mg/L, 50.0mg/L, 1000mg/L for 24-72 hours, the effects of GBE on the proliferation of HPFs were evaluated by MTT assay. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to examine the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of HPFs exposed to different concentrations of GBE for 48 hours. RESULTS: The proliferation of HPFs was not significantly inhibited incubated with 12.5mg/L GBE for 24 hours through MTT assay (P>0.05). Other groups could significantly inhibit HPFs proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and there were significant differences between each of the two groups (P<0.05). Flow cytometry examination suggested the cell percentage in the G₀/G₁ phase increased while that of the S phase decreased exposed to different concentrations of GBE for 48 hours, the rate of apoptosis of HPFs respectively reached 4.37%, 8.14%, 11.09%, 15.18%, and there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: GBE can significantly inhibit HPFs proliferation and induce its apoptosis with dose- and time-dependent manner.