AIM:To investigate the best time of surgery for vitreous hemorrhage resulted from ocular contusion and to evaluate the therapeutic effect.METHODS:Retrospectively analyze the 56 cases(56 eyes) of vitreous hemorrhage resulted from ocular contusion which registered in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2011. According to vitreous hemorrhage time, all the cases were divided into three groups:14 eyes of groupⅠfor 15-30 days, 22 eyes of group Ⅱ for 31-60days and 20 eyes of group Ⅲ for over 60 days. The operation used pars plana vitrectomy, and the postoperative follow-up was 6-24 mouths. The data was analyzed by SPSS 10.0.RESULTS:The final visual acuity of all cases is respectively 0.37±0.223 for the groupⅠ, 0.18±0.216 for the group Ⅱ and 0.12±0.128 for the group Ⅲ. Visual acuity of groupⅠcompared with group Ⅱ,there was statistical significant difference（χ²=13.383,P<0.01）.Visual acuity of groupⅠcompared with group Ⅲ, there was statistical significant difference （χ²=13.217, P<0.01）. Visual acuity of groupⅡcompared with group Ⅲ, there was statistical significant difference （χ²=0.045,P>0.05）. All result suggested that the final visual acuity of performing surgery within 15-30 days was better than that after 30 days, and the final visual acuity decreased with the time of vitreous hemorrhage.CONCLUSION:The final visual acuity decreased with the prolonged time of vitreous hemorrhage. Within 15-30 days, the final visual acuity can gain good outcome by surgery.