microRNAs are a class of endogenous non-protein-coding micromolecule RNAs with 22 nucleotides long, and are widely presented in the eukaryotic cells, which play a critical role in a series of life process, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, tumorigenesis and individual metabolism. It has become a focus for gene regulation research in recent years. Most of microRNAs are widely expressed in various ocular tissues in the tissue specificity and time specificity mode, and may be closely involved in ocular tissue growth, development, functional regulation and diseases onset. To study the functions of microRNAs in lens development and pathophysiological process is to provide a new idea for further clarifying the mechanisms of lens diseases, exploring the diagnoses and treatments of the diseases.