AIM:To investigate correlation of children amblyopia and retinal foveal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness.

METHODS: Fifty-six cases of children amblyopia with vision could not be uncorrected to 0.8 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. 5g/L atropine was used to mydriasis, computer associates retinoscopy was used to fundus examination organization, and the third-generation optical coherence tomography(3D-OCT)was used to detect retinal foveal thickness and RNFL thickness. Fifty-six cases of normal children were selected as control group. Correlation of retinal foveal thickness and children amblyopia was analyzed.

RESULTS: The nerve fiber layer thickness of amblyopic eye was 116.92±9.54μm, that of health eye was 110.42±7.64μm, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Macular center foveal thickness of amblyopic eye was 134.95±14.95μm, that of health eye was 136.62±13.86μm, the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The correlation of optic nerve fiber layer thickness of healthy children and axial showed a significant negative correlation(r=-0.35, P<0.05), while the correlation of children with amblyopia was not significantly correlated(r=0.12, P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: For children with amblyopia, the difference of ametropic foveal thickness and normal eye is not significant. But RNFL thickness is significantly higher, and is correlated with axial disappears, suggesting that amblyopia can significant effect nerve fiber layer structure.