Corneal diseases caused by limbal stem cell deficiency are common in ophthalmology outpatients. Limbal stem cell transplantation has become a hot spot in the treatment of these diseases. According to limbal stem cell deficiency or not and its degree, we choose different cell therapy. Therefore, identification of limbal stem cell deficiency is an important reference for transplant surgery selection, which also could lay a solid foundation for the follow-up transplantation experiment. Here we mainly summarize some research advancement of identifying limbal stem cell deficiency methods.