Posterior capsular opacification(PCO)is the most common complication that leads to loss of vision after cataract surgery. Neodymium doped: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet(Nd:Yag)laser capsulotomy is a common treatment for PCO, but still associated with several complications. In the past decades, the prevention and treatment of PCO have always been a hot spot of research in ophthalmology. This review will address the advances in the prevention and treatment of PCO in the aspects of surgical techniques and types of intraocular lens(IOL).