Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy is a kind of ischemic optic neuropathy, the incidence rate of which is lower with less obviously clinical features, less positive signs and more difficultly diagnosis when compared with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Meanwhile, therapeutic method of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy has remained controversial. This article will summarize the research development of the auxiliary examination, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic method of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy.