With the increasingly higher prevalence of myopia in children, more and more attention has been paid on the prevention and control of childhood myopia. As a non-surgical method for correcting myopia and meanwhile slowing its progression, orthokeratology is now widely used around the world. Multiple clinical studies have revealed that orthokeratology is an effective and crucial way in controlling childhood myopic progression. However, the myopia controlling efficacy differs greatly among individuals. Many factors have been reported to have potential influences in the process of myopia control of orthokeratology in children and these factors were reviewed in this article.