Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is a place where it folds and synthesizes the proteins. ER stress was induced when a variety of physiological and pathological factors happened, under which the protein misfolding occurred, the unfolded protein accumulated and the calcium ion imbalanced in the ER. The ER of high-glucose environment can change the protein redox state and produce reactive oxygen species, which affects the ER channel function and chaperone protein buffer; meanwhile changes the balance of calcium ions; finally induces the formation of ER stress. More and more studies have confirmed that ER stress in high glucose environment can cause a variety of ophthalmic diseases. So we review the recent articles about ER stress of high glucose environment and its related ophthalmic diseases.