Strabismus refers to the clinical phenomenon of any deviation from the optic axis, which can be caused by the abnormality of the binocular vision or the neuromuscular abnormalities that control the movement of the eyes. Operation is the important way to strabismus, firstly people focus only on the eye position, but with the gradual observation and follow-up of surgical patients, some researches had found that may change the original refractive status, so the article made a summarize from refractive status, anterior segment parameters,its possible mechanism, and influencing factors. We hope that there will be a more comprehensive understanding of strabismus surgery, and to provide the basis for determining the ideal time for optometry.