Eye movements refer to a series of spontaneous, controlled and purposeful movements of the eye. Based on a large number of observations on eye movement in scientific research and clinical work, eye movements are not only essential for maintaining clear vision in humans, but also an objective embodiment of brain activity, which is of great significance for the diagnosis and localization of multidisciplinary diseases. Eye tracking technology is a measurement technique that obtains information about eye movements. The use of eye tracking technology can obtain accurate and objective eye movement data, and explore the mechanism of eye movement, the development process and clinical significance of different eye movement types. In addition, eye tracking technology also has positive significance in the objective visual examination, diagnostic and treatment of ophthalmology. In this paper, we review the research progress of eye movements and eye tracking technology in the clinical application of ophthalmology, such as in the application of objective vision examination in infants, strabismus diagnosis and treatment, corneal refractive surgery and glaucoma diagnosis.